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Những nguyên nhân dẫn đến thấm dột sàn bê tông, sàn mái bê tông.
- Do quá trình thi công đổ bê tông, chất lượng hỗn hợp bê tông không đảm bảo tạo các lỗ hỗng bên trong khối bê tông. Khi nước tiếp xúc với sàn bê tông sẽ rất dễ thấm hút.
- Do thiết kế tính chịu lực của sàn bê tông, sàn mái bê tông chưa chính xác dẫn đến việc bị sàn bị nứt, nước sẽ dễ dàng thẩm thấu qua những vết nứt này.
- Do các hệ thống nước bị sự cố rò rĩ.
- Do thực hiện cân nước chưa chuẩn khiến nước bị đọng lại 1 chỗ lâu ngày sẽ thấm vào bên trong.
- Do công tác chống thấm sơ sài hoặc bỏ qua quá trình chống thấm để tiết kiệm chi phí.
Tác hại của việc sàn bê tông, sàn mái bê tông bị thấm dột.
- Nước thấm vào bên trong nhà gây mất thẩm mỹ của ngôi nhà.
- Nước thấm dột lâu ngày sẽ khiến kết cấu vôi vữa bị giảm đi, khiến công trình mau xuống cấp.
- Tại các vị trí thấm nước dễ gây nên hiện tượng mốc meo gây ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe người thân trong gia đình
- Chi phí cho việc xử lí chống thấm sẽ đắt hơn rất nhiều so với chi phí chống thấm ngay từ ban đầu.
Các phương pháp chống thấm hiệu quả trong xây dựng
1. Dán màng chống thấm
Phương pháp chống thấm bằng màng dán thường được sử dụng cho thi công chống thấm khu vực sàn nhà, mái nhà, hầm, kho,… Thi công bằng phương pháp này khá đơn giản so với nhiều phương pháp khác.
Bạn không cần phải sử dụng các thao tác kỹ thuật phức tạp. Bạn chỉ cần vệ sinh sạch sẽ bề mặt cần chống thấm, sau đó dán trực tiếp màng dán lên bề mặt.
Chỉ cần đảm bảo đúng quy trình cơ bản khi xử lý là đảm bảo được hiệu quả tốt đa.
2. Quét dung dịch
Nếu bạn sử dụng vật liệu chống thấm dạng lỏng, phương pháp để chống thấm chính là quét dung dịch chống thấm lên bề mặt cần chống thấm. Ở dạng lỏng, vật liệu chống thấm sẽ dễ dàng thẩm thấu nhanh vào sâu bên trong, độ bám dính tốt, ngăn vết nứt lan rộng.
Sử dụng để thi công chống thấm cho bể nước, tường nhà, ban công, sàn nhà,… Trước khi xử lý chống thấm, bạn cần mặt vệ sinh sạch sẽ bề mặt cần chống thấm. Sau đó quét dung dịch chống thấm lên bề sau khi đã được vệ sinh.
3. Bơm keo
Keo chống thấm là hợp chất epoxy 2 thành phần, độ nhớt cao, có khả năng chịu được mọi yếu tố thời tiết khắc nghiệt. Khi thực hiện bơm keo chống thấm cần kiểm tra kích thước điểm thấm, vệ sinh bề mặt rò rỉ nước.
Sau đó máy khoan tạo các lỗ thẳng đứng ngay tại vị trí chính giữa điểm thấm nước cục bộ.
Dùng thiết bị bơm keo chuyên dụng dưới áp lực cao vào trong lòng bê tông. Khi thấy keo tràn ra bên ngoài thì dừng lại.
4. Trộn vữa chống thấm
Vữa chống thấm có thể được kết hợp với những vật liệu xây dựng khác như keo dán gạch, bột chà ron mà không làm ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng công trình. Trộn vữa chống thấm với vật liệu xây dựng khác là cách chống thấm vượt trội, độ bám dính cao, hạn chế sự co ngót của hồ vữa xi măng.
5. Phụ gia đổ bê tông
Phụ gia chống thấm bê tông có tác dụng ngăn cản không cho nước thấm qua bê tông khi bê tông đã đủ độ cứng. Chúng có cơ chế hoạt động làm giảm độ rỗng của bê tông, bít các lỗ mao dẫn, tạo thành lớp kỵ nước trên bề mặt các lỗ mao mạch đó.
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